機床又稱工業(yè)母機，是用來制造機器的機器，按照是否使用數(shù)控系統(tǒng)可以分為數(shù)控機床和非數(shù)控機床。

Machine tools, also known as industrial mother machines, are machines used to manufacture machines. They can be divided into CNC machine tools and non CNC machine tools according to whether a CNC system is used.

數(shù)控機床上游主要為數(shù)控機床所需的各類設備部件，包括數(shù)控系統(tǒng)、核心零部件、功能部件、電子元件等；下游應用領域廣泛，主要包括汽車制造、航空航天設備制造、船舶制造、模具制造、發(fā)電設備制造、冶金設備制造和通信設備制造等。

The upstream of CNC machine tools mainly consists of various equipment components required by CNC machine tools, including CNC systems, core components, functional components, electronic components, etc; The downstream application fields are extensive, mainly including automobile manufacturing, aerospace equipment manufacturing, shipbuilding, mold manufacturing, power generation equipment manufacturing, metallurgical equipment manufacturing, and communication equipment manufacturing.

數(shù)控機床主要構成為結構件、數(shù)控系統(tǒng)、傳動系統(tǒng)、驅動系統(tǒng)、刀庫及其他。絲杠導軌作為機床的核心傳動部件；絲杠傳動原理為絲杠和螺母的相對旋轉將軸端電機的轉動轉化為直線運動，反之，也能夠將直線運動變?yōu)榛剞D運動；而導軌通常與絲杠配套使用，實現(xiàn)支撐和機械導向作用。

The main components of CNC machine tools are structural components, CNC systems, transmission systems, drive systems, tool libraries, and others. The screw guide rail serves as the core transmission component of the machine tool; The principle of screw transmission is that the relative rotation of the screw and nut converts the rotation of the shaft end motor into linear motion, and vice versa, it can also convert linear motion into rotary motion; And guide rails are usually used in conjunction with screws to achieve support and mechanical guidance.

絲杠具有低滑動摩擦系數(shù)、率、長壽命、可逆和易于控制等優(yōu)點，因此是非常理想的傳動元件之一。普通三軸機床在其XYZ三個線性軸基本采用1根絲杠搭配2根導軌進行傳動，通常來說一臺機床搭配3根絲杠+6根導軌。

The screw has the advantages of low sliding friction coefficient, high efficiency, long service life, reversibility, and easy control, making it one of the ideal transmission components. A regular three-axis machine tool uses one screw and two guide rails for transmission on its XYZ three linear axes. Generally, a machine tool is equipped with three screws and six guide rails.

機床絲杠按其摩擦特性可分為三類:即滑動絲杠、滾動（滾珠/滾柱）絲杠及靜壓絲杠，其中滾珠絲杠具有更高的精度和傳動效率。機床對絲杠導軌精度要求更高。滾珠絲杠是機床理想傳動的裝置，主要由絲杠軸、螺母、滾珠以及循環(huán)部件組成。

Machine tool screws can be divided into three categories based on their friction characteristics: sliding screws, rolling (ball/roller) screws, and static pressure screws. Among them, ball screws have higher accuracy and transmission efficiency. Machine tools require higher precision for screw guides. Ball screw is the most ideal transmission device for machine tools, mainly composed of screw shaft, nut, ball, and circulating components.

絲杠軸、螺母和端蓋上都制有圓弧形螺旋槽，將它們套裝在一起時，這些槽對合起來就形成了螺旋通道，滾珠能夠在通道內循環(huán)滾動。當絲杠相對于螺母旋轉時，滾珠在滾道內自轉，同時又在封閉的滾道內循環(huán)運動，使絲杠和螺母相對產生軸向運動。

The screw shaft, nut, and end cover are all equipped with arc-shaped spiral grooves. When they are assembled together, these grooves form a spiral channel, and the ball can circulate and roll in the channel. When the screw rotates relative to the nut, the ball rotates in the raceway and circulates in the enclosed raceway, causing axial movement between the screw and the nut.

滾珠絲杠主要可分為內循環(huán)和外循環(huán)兩大類，外循環(huán)中又可再分為端部導流、管循環(huán)和端蓋式。絲杠加工可以分為純磨制工藝、軋制工藝和旋風銑工藝，旋風銑工藝滲透率正逐步提升。旋風銑是與普通車床配套的高速銑削螺紋裝置。由于旋風銑為硬加工工藝（即加工硬度較高的材料），PCBN銑刀為旋風銑合適的加工刀具之一。

Ball screws can be mainly divided into two categories: internal circulation and external circulation. In external circulation, they can be further divided into end guide, pipe circulation, and end cover type. Screw processing can be divided into pure grinding process, rolling process, and cyclone milling process, and the penetration rate of cyclone milling process is gradually increasing. Cyclone milling is a high-speed thread milling device that is matched with a regular lathe. Due to the fact that cyclone milling is a hard machining process (i.e. processing materials with higher hardness), PCBN milling cutter is one of the most suitable machining tools for cyclone milling.